Potenza is a city and commune in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata formerly known as Lucania and it is the capital of the province of Potenza and the Basilicata region. The city is the highest regional capital and one of the highest provincial capitals in Italy, overlooking the valley of the Basento river in the Apennine Mountains of Lucania, east of Salerno.  Its territory is bounded by the comuni of Anzi, Avigliano, Brindisi Montagna, Picerno, Pietragalla, Pignola,Ruoti, Tito, and Vaglio Basilicata. 

Places of interest to visit are: The Duomo (Cathedral) of San Gerardo, renovated in the 18th century which still houses the rose window and the apse from the original 12th-century structure; The Church of San Francesco, founded in 1274; The portal and the bell tower date from the 15th century; the church houses the De Grasis sepulchre and a Madonna in Byzantine style (13th century); the Torre Guevara, the last remnant of the old castle which is now used to stage art exhibitions; The Palazzo Loffredo, a 17th-century noble residence and is now the seat of the "Dinu Adamesteanu" National Archaeological Museum; Three gates of the old city walls, now demolished which are the gates are the Porta S.Giovanni, the Porta S.Luca and the Porta S. Gerardo; The Romanesque church of San Michele (11th-12th centuries); The Church of Santa Maria del Sepolcro and the ruins of a Roman villa in the Poggio Tre Galli quarter. 

Getting around Potenza

Potenza is a rail junction on the main line from Salerno to Taranto, managed by FS Trenitalia; it has also a connection to Altamura, served by the Ferrovie Appulo Lucane regional company. The city's main station, which was originally named Potenza Inferiore, is now known as Potenza Centrale.

The nearest airports are:
Salerno-Pontecagnano QSR 85 km (53 mi)
Foggia-Gino Linosa FOG 101 km (63 mi)
Bari-Palese BRI 130 km (81 mi)

The first settlement of Potenza was probably located at a lower elevation than at present, some 10 km south of today's Potenza. The Lucani of Potenza sided against Rome's enemies during the latter's wars against the Samnites and the Bruttii. Subjugated during the 4th century BC (later gaining the status of municipium), the Potentini rebelled after the Roman defeat at Cannae in 216 BC. However, the Battle of the Metaurus marked the end of any Carthaginian aspirations in Italy, and Potentia was reconquered by the Romans and reduced to the status of military colony.
 
In the 6th century, the city passed to the Lombard Duchy of Benevento. Incursions by Saracens raiders menaced the city until the Normanconquest of southern Italy secured the area. In the 12th century, Potenza became an episcopal see. In 1137, the city hosted Pope Innocent II and Emperor Lothair II during their failed attempt to conquer the Norman kingdom. In 1148 or 1149 in Potenza, Roger II of Sicily hosted King Louis VII of France, whom the Norman fleet had freed from the Saracens. After pillaging by Emperor Frederick II, the city remained loyal to theHohenstaufen: as a result, it was almost totally destroyed by Charles I when the Angevin lord conquered the Kingdom of Sicily. On December 18, 1273, an earthquake further devastated the city. 

In the following years, the city existed quietly under various feudal owners. Potenza was the site of riots against Spanish domination, and in 1694 it was almost completely destroyed by another earthquake.

With the declaration of the Neapolitan Republic in 1799, Potenza was one of the first cities to rebel against the king. After temporary Bourbon repression, the city was conquered by the French army in 1806, and declared the capital of Basilicata. King Joachim Murat improved the city's living conditions and administration, and some urban improvements were introduced for the visit of Ferdinand II in 1846. A revolt broke out in 1848 and was again put down by Bourbon forces, and a third devastating earthquake followed in 1857. Potenza rebelled for the last time in 1860, before Garibaldi's revolutionary army brought about the unification of Italy.